Product Introduction: Chondroitin Sulfate is a chemical that is normally found in cartilage around joints in the body. Chondroitin sulfate is manufactured from animal sources, such as cow cartilage.Chondroitin sulfate is an important structural component of cartilage and provides much of its resistance to compression. Along with glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate has become a widely used dietary supplement for treatment of osteoarthritis. It is now widely used in nutraceutical , pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries.

From experiments, researchers compare the efficacy of delivering hyaluronic acid gel injections to the upper lip through needle or micro-cannula injections. The most desirable results are correlated with the infiltration of hyaluronic acid to the muscle layers of the lip. One of the hallmarks of the aging face is the loss of upper lip volume. Our skin loses its moisture and elasticity, and this is even more obvious in the moisture-rich mucous regions of the lips. Coupled with the shrinking of the surrounding fat and soft tissue, the result is a decrease in the volume of the upper lip, and the wrinkles on the skin surrounding the lips only further accentuates this volume loss. Aside from these age-related changes, current standards of beauty also place an emphasis on fuller, robust lips; these reasons have contributed to the ever-increasing popularity enhancing the lips through hyaluronic acid gel injections. Hyaluronic acid (HA) gel is most commonly used by clinicians to address these anatomical changes, owing to the predictability of its results and its high safety profile. Achieving the best outcomes also involves understanding lip aesthetics: instead of haphazardly infiltrating the lip with HA and simply `plumping it up`, injecting it in specific areas (the vermillion junction or where the `dry` and `wet` parts of the upper lip meet) creates the most natural result, and thus the best cosmetic profile. Currently, dermatologists and plastic surgeons deliver HA into the upp

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a class of glycosaminoglycans covalently linked to proteins to form proteoglycans. Chondroitin sulfate is widely distributed in the extracellular matrix and cell surface of animal tissues. The sugar chain is composed of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine (also known as N-acetylgalactosamine) disaccharide units through a sugar-like substance. The linker region is attached to the serine residue of the core protein. At present, the main sources of chondroitin sulfate extraction are sharks, cattle, pigs, and chicken cartilage. In Europe, America, Japan and other countries, chondroitin sulfate is mainly used as a health food or medicine for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as arthritis, coronary heart disease, keratitis and angina pectoris. 1, chondroitin sulfate has a strong role in scavenging oxygen free radicals There are many types of oxygen free radicals that cause oxidative damage in the human body, and the hydroxyl radical superoxide anion radicals have the strongest activity. Studies have shown that chondroitin sulfate hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide anion free radical activity are relatively high, the half inhibitory concentrations are 8.77mg / mL and 0.94mg / mL, respectively, the scavenging capacity and chon

Hyaluronic acid holds a special place in the upper echelons of skincare ingredients. Unlike many actives, it`s suitable for every skin type and its gentleness doesn`t compromise its effectiveness. One reason behind its universal appeal is its natural prevalence in skin. It can be found in (or between) virtually every cell of your body. Nearly half of this naturally occurring hyaluronic acid is found in your skin, where it plays a role in several vital processes. This can-do molecule aids in tissue repair and wound healing, while also scavenging free radicals to reduce oxidative damage from pollution and UV exposure. On top of all those benefits, it also offers impressive moisture retention capabilities-it can hold up to a thousand times its weight in water. When applied to skincare, these properties make it a fantastic humectant for lasting hydration. With so many benefits, the decision to include hyaluronic acid in several of my products seems like a no-brainer. If forms the cornerstone of my Hydrate Facial Serum and complements the formula of my Hydrate Mist. The mist features a high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (often abbreviated as HMW HA). Due to its larger size, this hyaluronic acid form sits closer to the surface of the skin where it`s better able to prevent moisture loss. HMW excels at keeping skin hydrated and elastic. By contrast, low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (or LMW HA) has been bioengineered into smaller pieces. The compound is identical to HMW HA, just reduced in size. These tiny molecules penetrate deeper in the epidermal layers, giving LMW HA a kind of plumping effect that leaves skin looking full, bouncy, and youthful. LMW and HMW hyaluronic acids work exceptionally well in tandem. That way, you gain the benefits of both! .Like hyaluronic aci

What is hyaluronic acid? "Hyaluronic acid is a naturally-occurring sugar molecule,It can be used in both skincare ingredients and in injectables, but it's also found in the body as one of the agents that helps to make collagen. So the collagen in your skin and joints is composed partly of hyaluronic acid, plus protein." What do we use hyaluronic acid for? "Its main use in skin creams is as a humectant - which is one of the agents that's able to hold moisture on the skin's surface,It can actually hold up to 1000 times its weight in moisture! So it's a really good hydrator of the skin." "The other main use is as a volumising and line-filling injectable,We connect multiple hyaluronic acid molecules together to give a more robust substance, which is then injected under deeper scars, wrinkles and fine lines - it comes in different thicknesses. Because it's injected, it penetrates much further and produces collagen, to more effectively plump and reduce lines." What else do we need to know? "Applied topically on the skin, hyaluronic acid makes the skin feel smoother and look smoother - but it is only temporary,It's an excellent skin ingredient, as it rarely produces any allergies or irritation." Can anybody use it?

If you really want to up your skincare game, the best way to do so is by learning exactly what`s in the products you`re putting on your face. Sounds like common sense, but you wouldn`t believe how many people never even bother to read the ingredients lists. They`re more interested in the promises a product makes, like [erases wrinkles" or [bye-bye age spots!" Here`s the thing: there are a LOT of skincare products in the world, and they all need a way to get you to fork over your cash. It makes a lot more sense to get educated about what products are really worth paying the money for. And in the case of hyaluronic acid, one of the power players, you won`t need to pay much at all if you play your cards right. What is hyaluronic acid? Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a molecule that naturally occurs in the human body. It helps make up the connective tissues in your body and keeps hair, skin, joints, nerves, and eyes well lubricated. It holds a thousand times its weight in water, which is why it`s such a power player in keeping our skin moist and glowy. But as we grow older, our bodies naturally produce less HA. That means skin will naturally become drier and less bouncy as we age unless we replenish what`s lost in our skincare routine. How do I choose the right hyaluronic acid product? Before you go grabbing every HA product off the shelves, there are a few other tidbits to be aware of. One, HA works well alongside most other star skincare ingredients (think actives like AHAs and BHAs), so there are no worries about how it will play with the

Transparent quality acid originally on exists skin within, can help skin from body and the skin surface sucking have water, also can enhanced skin long time of insurance water capacity. Dang transparent quality acid absorption water Hou, makes stretch fiber and the collagen protein in full wet of environment in the, skin so has has elastic. but, skin of transparent quality acid from 25 age yihou on began loss, 30 age Shi only left infant period 65%, and 60 age Shi only left 25%, skin of water also will followed transparent quality acid and lost, lost elastic and gloss, Wrinkles of aging over time will occur. Moisturizing and barrier is skin care of double mission, real high quality of transparent quality acid must is macromolecules and small molecular transparent quality acid of organic combined, macromolecules transparent quality acid (tens of thousands of to hundreds of thousands of Dalton) cannot penetrating skin, but can in skin surface formed a layer breathable of film, makes skin smooth wet, and can barrier foreign bacteria, and dust, and UV of invaded, protection skin from by against; small molecular transparent quality acid (low to 1000 molecular volume of nano transparent quality acid HA800,OCO small molecular can easily penetrating skin) Has anti-inflammatory, resist bacteria and keep skin smooth; can penetrate the skin, synthetic skin endogenous hyaluronic acid molecules to achieve water conservation function; provide appropriate places for cell proliferation and different

Hyaluronic acid (also known as hyaluron) is a favorite in the cosmetics industry. Many day creams, night creams, facial masks, etc. rely on this tried-and-tested active moisturizing ingredient. It is now also included as an ingredient in nutritional supplements. But is it any different from the hyaluronic acid used in cosmetics? And can our bodies even utilize orally ingested hyaluronic acid? Studies from recent years clarify the issue. Hyaluronic acid is a substance that occurs naturally in the human body. It is mostly found in the skin, connective tissue, joint fluid, vertebral disks and eyeballs. Hyaluronic acid functions as an essential factor in human vitality because it has the special property of binding a lot of water compared to its mass. From a chemical perspective, hyaluronic acid comes in various forms. Different qualities of this care substance are available on the market: Low molecular hyaluronic acid has a longer-term effect and is stored in the connective tissue. Its molecules are smaller and can therefore penetrate into the skin more deeply. The anti-wrinkle effect lasts longer.High molecular hyaluronic acid, in contrast, cannot penetrate as deeply into the skin. The most it can do is form a film of moisture on the outer layer of the skin that releases moisture and improves elasticity. Fine lines and wrinkles appear smoother and plumper. So what happens with hyaluronic acid in nutritional supplements? Both low and high molecular hyaluronic acids are absorbed and dispersed in connective tissue; intestinal bacteria break up the molecules of the high molecular hy

News has recently focused on the possible anti-aging benefits of hyaluronic acid, also known as Hyaluron or HA. In fact, a large pharmaceutical company in Japan began Research & Development on a pill supplement containing HA. When they tested the pills on one thousand individuals, around half of them reported improved eyesight and softer smoother skin. Hyaluronic acid has also proven effective in lubricating arthritic joints. Certain studies have shown positive results from injections of Hyaluronic Acid into the joints that may delay the need for a joint replacement. Hyaluronic acid helps to store water in the skin, providing essential moisture to body processes. Although Hyaluronic Acid is plentiful in our bodies when we are born, the levels of HA slowly decrease over time. This reduction in HA levels may be a big part of the aging process many people are trying to overcome. Hyaluronic Acid occurs in the deeper layers of our skin known as the dermis and it appears to help keep the skin smooth because of its water retention qualities. It also appears to help maintain collagen levels which significantly prolong the aging process. Under normal circumstances, collagen depletion is widely considered to be a prime factor in fine lines and wrinkles as well as elasticity of the skin, both things that are often associated with the visual aging process. There are many different options for supplementing your natural supply of hyaluronic acid. Currently, the most popular choices of hyaluronic acid are supplements and products to combat signs of aging and as therapy for certain joint ailments. There are numerous skin care products that contain Hyaluron acid or have as its ma

Abstract We investigated the functionality of(γ-PGA), which is produced by Bacillus subtilis D7, for its potential applications in medicine and cosmetics. The γ-PGA had angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity. ACE inhibition activity was dependent on the γ-PGA concentration; the highest ACE inhibition activity was observed at 1.25 mg/l of γ-PGA. IC50 (0.108 mg/ml) of the γ-PGA was lower than that of standard ACE inhibitory drug, N-[(S)-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl]-L-proline (0.247 mg/ml). The γ-PGA also had water-holding capacity and hygroscopicity. Furthermore, the γ-PGA inhibited growth of some pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Esherichia coli. The γ-PGA exhibited a good metal adsorption capacity; Cr (VI) adsorption capacity of γ-PGA increased with decreasing pH, and the maximal adsorption was observed at pH 2. Our results suggest that γ-PGA may be expected to be widely applied in cosmetics, biomedical and environmental industries with the feature of being less harmful to humans and the environment. 1. Introduction Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is produced by a number of species of Bacillus. It is an unusual anionic polyamide that is made of d- and l-glutamic acid units connected by amide linkages between α-amino and γ-carboxylic groups. The γ-PGA is biodegradable, edible, water-soluble and non-toxic to humans and environment. Therefore, it has been suggested for use as biodegradable plastics (Tsutomu and Makoto, 2002), flocculants (Bajaj and Singhal, 2011), biological adhesive (Otani et al., 1996) and food additives (Lee and Kuo, 2011). For example, flocculating activity of the γ-PGA pro

Chondroitin sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan, a natural component of cartilage. It is extracted from shark or cow cartilage or manufactured synthetically. Its composition can vary. It is frequently combined with glucosamine. Chondroitin sulfate is used to treat osteoarthritis. Scientific evidence shows no benefit when chondroitin sulfate is taken by itself. However, evidence suggests that in combination with glucosamine, it may reduce joint pain, improve joint mobility, and allow reduction of the doses of conventional anti-inflammatory drugs when it is taken for 6 to 24 mo. Effects over longer periods are unclear. Mechanism is unknown. Dose is 600 mg po once/day to 400 mg po tid. Evidence on efficacy of chondroitin sulfate is conflicting. Until recently, only small trials had studied chondroitin sulfate alone or in combination with glucosamine to treat osteoarthritis. The Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial (GAIT), a large, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial studied use of glucosamine (500 mg po tid), chondroitin sulfate (400 mg po tid), and use of both drugs to treat osteoarthritis of the knee; in the group as a whole, pain was not reduced. However, exploratory subanalyses suggested efficacy in a subgroup of patients with moderate-to-severe knee pain A review of 43 randomized, controlled trials has also suggested that the benefit of chondroitin is limited to slight pain improvement in short-term studies, although quality of life may improve . It has been suggested the reason for conflicting symptomatic benefit is due to the poor quality of several food-grade chondroitin sulfate s

What is it? Chondroitin is a dietary supplement and a vital part of cartilage. Studies have found that taking chondroitin can prevent cartilage breaking down and can also stimulate its repair mechanisms. Chondroitin has been tested in at least 22 RCTs for osteoarthritis. Evidence is inconsistent but many show that it has significant clinical benefits in reducing pain and painkiller use. Higher quality trials were less likely to show benefit. Family: Nutritional supplement Scientific name: Chondroitin sulphate Other names:CSA, CDS, CSC Chondroitin is a complex sugar produced from the cartilage of cows, pigs and sharks. You can buy chondroitin capsules from pharmacies and supermarkets. It`s usually sold in combination with glucosamine sulphate. How does it work? Chondroitin is found naturally in your body. It`s a vital part of cartilage, giving it elasticity by helping it retain water. Laboratory studies have found that chondroitin can reduce the activity of enzymes and substances that break down collagen in joints. Other studies have demonstrated that it has several anti-inflammatory properties. Research on animals has found that chondroitin can prevent the breakdown of cartilage and can also stimulate repair mechanisms.

Hyaluronic acid Chemistry and physicochemical properties HA is a non-sulphated GAG and is composed of repeating polymeric disaccharides of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine linked by a glucuronidic β (1→3) bond. In aqueous solutions HA forms specific stable tertiary structures.Despite the simplicity in its composition, without variations in its sugar composition or without branching points, HA has a variety of physicochemical properties. HA polymers occur in a vast number of configurations and shapes, depending on their size, salt concentration, pH, and associated cations.Unlike other GAG, HA is not covalently attached to a protein core, but it may form aggregates with proteoglycans.HA encompasses a large volume of water giving solutions high viscosity, even at low concentrations.

While we can't imagine ever parting with our hyaluronic acid serums and creams, every now and then, a new, buzzy ingredient will come along to remind us that perhaps HA isn't the be-all and end-all of skin hydrators. Case in point: polyglutamic acid (PGA), a water-soluble peptide that's quickly shaking up the beauty industry. Research on naturally occurring poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) - a molecule found in the bacteria of fermented soybeans - suggests it has the ability to hold more moisture than hyaluronic acid. Like four to five times more. "Polyglutamic acid is an excellent humectant, similar to hyaluronic acid," says Dr. Monica Li,"In the lab, polyglutamic acid, as a gel, has been found to be able to absorb moisture up to 5,000 times its own weight," says Dr. Li. "But the actual water amount retained depends on the acidity, or pH, and salt content of the gel." By comparison, hyaluronic acid holds up to 1,000 times its weight in water. However, Dr. Li suggests that the two ingredients need not be seen as competitors. In fact, when used together, they could actually end up being the ultimate recipe for hydrated skin. "Polyglutamic acid may inhibit hyaluronidase, which breaks down hyaluronic acid," explains Dr. Li. PGA also essentially creates a seal that keeps moisture from escaping. It could be quite "complementary to hyaluronic acid, which is found in the deeper skin layers," says Dr. Li. While hyaluronic acid works within the skin to increase mois

In addition to hyaluronic acid, you may have seen the similarly named sodium hyaluronate on a skincare ingredient list. There indeed is a connection: Sodium hyaluronate is a salt derived from hyaluronic acid. It has all the benefits of hyaluronic acid, but with one extra advantage-it`s more easily absorbed than hyaluronic acid. That feature does not make one better than the other-in fact, we think it`s great if a product contains both so your skin can reap the benefits on multiple levels. There are products that include both, but because hyaluronic acid is more expensive, sodium hyaluronate shows up more often in skincare products. Note: Some companies use what`s called [low molecular weight" hyaluronic acid, which has a smaller molecule than regular hyaluronic acid. Molecules of [regular" hyaluronic acid are larger, which explains why they remain on skin`s outer surface. Making hyaluronic acid smaller means it can reach a bit farther into skin`s uppermost layers for visibly enhanced results.

Hyaluronic Acid Defination Hyaluronic acid(HA) is a substance that is naturally present in the human body. Hyaluronic acid for skin is found in the highest concentrations in fluids in the eyes and joints. The Sodium hyaluronate that is used as medicine is extracted from rooster combs or made by bacteria in the laboratory. People take hyaluronic acid and vitamin c for various joint disorders, including osteoarthritis. It can be taken by mouth or injected into the affected joint by a healthcare professional. The FDA has approved the use of hyaluronic acid during certain eye surgeries including cataract removal, corneal transplantation, and repair of a detached retina and other eye injuries. It is injected into the eye during the procedure to help replace natural fluids. Hyaluronic acid skin aging is also used as a lip filler in plastic surgery. Some people apply hyaluronic acid food to the skin for healing wounds, burns, skin ulcers, and as a moisturizer. There is also a lot of interest in using hyaluronic acid to prevent the effects of aging. In fact, hyaluronic acid has been promoted as a "fountain of youth." However, there is no evidence to support the claim that taking it by mouth or applying it to the skin can prevent changes associated with aging. Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid As we age, our skin loses the ability to preserve moisture, resulting in the visible loss of firmness, pliability, and plumpness. Filler hyaluronic acid swoops in with the ability to replenish moisture that is crucial to having younger-looking, supple skin. At the same time, hyaluronic acid benefits revitalizes skin`s outer layers so they look and feel softer, smoother, and, glowingly hydrated to instantly improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Is hyaluronic acid edible? Hyaluronic acid is edible ? Hyaluronic acid, also known as hyaluronate ,and referred as Ha, for many people, we all know HA is a [natural moisturizing factor", it can be used in cosmetics, and the modified HA also is a good subcutaneous tissue filler, it also can be used for cosmetic, but HA can be eaten? Why so mu

People with osteoarthritis: - Chondroitin may improve pain slightly in the short-term (less than 6 months); - Chondroitin improves knee pain by 20% in slightly more people; - Chondroitin probably improves quality of life slightly as measured by Lequesne's index (combined measure of pain, function, and disability); - Chondroitin has little or no difference in adverse and serious adverse events versus other agents; and - Chondroitin slightly slows down the narrowing of joint space on X-rays of the affected joint. What is osteoarthritis and what is chondroitin? Osteoarthritis is a disease of the joints, such as the knee or hip. When the joint loses cartilage, the bone grows to try to repair the damage, but this bone growth may make the situation worse. This can make the joint painful and unstable, which can affect physical function or ability to use the joint. Chondroitin is an over-the-counter nutritional supplement made primarily of chondroitin sulfate. It is said to work by stopping the degradation of cartilage and restoring lost cartilage. It also contains sulfur-containing amino acids, which are essential building blocks for cartilage molecules in the human body.

If your skin starts to feel tight, you`d probably assume it`s dry. If you're experiencing breakouts, you may blame your hormones or your new foundation, while redness and inflammation must mean you`ve got sensitive skin, right? Well, according to the experts, these symptoms could be proof that your skin is simply dehydrated. "Everything from pollution and sun exposure to wind, air-con and central heating can sap the much-needed water in our skin," explains skin expert and facialist But contrary to popular belief, chugging down eight glasses of water a day in a bid to stay hydrated just won`t cut it when it comes to your complexion. "The key to well hydrated skin is a combination of drinking enough water and boosting the water content of your skin cells," explains Debbie. "This also means minimising water loss through your skin." That's where your skincare comes in. Hyaluronic acid, otherwise known as HA, has been dubbed the holy grail of hydrating skincare ingredients by dermatologists and beauty editors alike. It's a humectant – a substance used to reduce the loss of moisture – can hold up to 1000x its own weight in water and occurs naturally in the skin. But , the natural levels sometimes take a dip and need replenishing. From serums to moisturisers, heaps of products contain the star component but there may well be a new contender to knock it off the top spot: polyglutamic acid. With the ability to hold ten times more moisture than hyaluronic acid according to experts, polyglutamic acid (or PGA) sounds like a major game changer. Derived from fermented soybean mucilage, the ingredient – which is a peptide (aka protein) – does sound a little weird, but its effectiveness has skin experts all over the globe taking note. Hailed as one of the most powerful hydrating ingredien

What is Chondroitin Sulfate? Glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are naturally occurring substances found in the connective tissues of the body, including the cartilage that covers the ends of bones in the joints. Chondroitin sulfate is a larger molecule also found in cartilage. Chondroitin sulfate has been studied much less extensively, but early results show that it also seems to work as an anti-inflammatory and reduces pain. Some laboratory studies suggest that chondroitin sulfate may slow cartilage breakdown associated with osteoarthritis and even stimulate cartilage growth. Who Should Take Chondroitin Sulfate? Many patients who suffer from osteoarthritis may benefit from the positive effects of taking this supplement. The painful symptoms of osteoarthritis may appear when cartilage becomes worn, and exposed bones begin to rub together. Conventional medicine does not yet have a proven treatment to stop or slow the progression of osteoarthritis. Traditional medical treatment includes drug therapy to control the pain associated with osteoarthritis. These treatments are sometimes disappointing for physicians and patients because medications may not provide complete relief and can have unwanted side effects. Some of these patients may be candidates for nutritional supplements like chondroitin sulfate.

Hyaluronic Acid. To the less beauty savvy, it may sound like something you don't want to put anywhere near your face.But, what if we told you that it actually holds the key to smooth, flawless and hydrated skin? In fact, our own skin cells actually produce Hyaluronic Acid naturally in a bid to maintain moisture levels. But, thanks to pesky ageing and environmental aggressors, to name just a few things flung at our faces on a daily basis, those levels tend to take a bit of a dip.Cue sensitivity, dullness, fine lines and uneven tone and texture. HA (hyaluronic acid) is critical in maintaining skin hydration, although it can be degraded by free radical mechanisms caused by things like UV exposure. Topically applied, it helps to hydrate the skin and maintain this hydra